Westminster in War Time

THE presence of some great military camp,with all its bustle and activity, may serve as aperpetual reminder to our contemporaries in thecountry or sleepy Cathedral towns of the crisisthrough which England is passing. In manycases matches are arranged between the campand the School, and the camp supplies the morehopeful side of this war ; the darker side is oftenrepresented by wounded and convalescentsoldiers in the sanatorium, who, however, arethemselves as a rule the least depressed ordiscouraging. There is, of course, everywhereto be noticed the extreme activity of the O.T.C.,but beyond the points we have mentioned thereis little in the country to make one realise thenearness and the greatness of the present war.

And are we more forcibly reminded ourselves? True, we have no great camp close by,no wounded in our Sanatoria, and the O.T.C.here can indulge in no frequent field-days. Butthere are other signs here in London which makeus proud to belong to the greatest of all cities ;we live well within range of the War Office, andthe Victoria Tower stands like a sentinel overthe Abbey and her children. Victoria Streetis ever on the alert with khakied forms of allranks, from the Tommy to the high Staff Officer.From Green thoughout the morning, and oftenthe afternoon too, proceed sounds denoting theinculcation of elementary drill into willingrecruits by patient sergeants of the LondonScottish, Queen’s Westminsters, and other(County of London) Battalions, The LondonRegiment (we cannot get out of the habit ofstrict Army List titles !).

Fields, too, bear ample witness of hard wearby Yeomanry and others, and are constantlypassing on that hard wear to the footballenthusiast, who cheerfully puts up with aground full of treacherous footholes of mud andnerve-racking patches where bricks seem tohave taken the place of soil. The hurried anteprandialvisit to the posters seems more thanever essential to liven up some noted pessimistwith a reported German disaster. And if BigBen, the School clock-tower, seem a trifle gloomyin his silence, yet good comes out of evil, andthe erratic Abbey clock affords an excellentexcuse for the late arrival in form. Even thesombre cloisters have their awakenings ; therewas a time when the giants of old would dovaliant battle in the milling green, but morefearsome than that is the sight of some graveprebend in the uniform of Chaplain to the Forces.

And the darker side of the war for us issupplied by the daily arrivals at the Westminster
Hospital, over which there flutters now, as overSt. Thomas’s across the water, the flag of theGeneva Cross. The darker side in a lightersense, as an Irishman might put it, is also forcedupon us nightly by the darkened streets, alongwhich, mirabile dictu, the traffic seems to fly atunslackened pace. The pitchy black is relievedin the early evening by the searchlights onVauxhall Bridge and elsewhere, reminding usthat if the much-talked-of Zeppelins do reachLondon, we within the Abbey precincts shall be
among the first to suffer.

And finally, if we cannot make a field-daya weekly fixture, the Westminster ContingentO.T.C., as is natural, no doubt, as is right, isworking at the highest pressure to fit for activeservice all whose time is coming to serve theirKing.

Taken from the Editorial to The Elizabethan, February 1915

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Richard de Rupe Roche

Richard de Rupe Roche was a Grantite, joining the House in 1893. He was a half-back in the House football team, but although he weighed in at 10st 4lb he did not help the house to victory against Home Boarders in the Tug of War.

Upon leaving school he joined the Army and fought in the Boer War. He was ‘wounded dangerously’ on 28 Mar 1901 at Rondal, and awarded the Queen’s South Africa Medal with Clasps: Cape Colony, Orange Free State, Transvaal, Rhodesia, South Africa. He was discharged the same year but maintained links with the military establishment by joining the Queen’s Westminster Rifles. He was a noted marksman, four times making the final hundred to qualify for the King’s prize at Bisley in the years leading up to the Great War. He also represented Ireland in shooting competitions in 1913 and 1914

Called up in August 1914, he went with his Battalion to France on 1 November 1914, and was mentioned in despatches for his bravery at the end of the month:

‘On the 30th November, Lieutenant J. B. Baber and Corporal R. de R. Roche captured the first prisoners for the Battalion. They had gone out at night to patrol along a ditch some way in front of the line, when they suddenly found themselves surrounded by three different parties of the enemy who had apparently arranged to meet at a certain spot. Two of the enemy patrols passed by without having their suspicions aroused, but the third consisting of three men was making its way towards the place where Lieutenant Baber and Corporal Roche were crouching. The latter immediately opened fire, and after killing one man rushed the remaining two, who threw down their rifles and surrendered.’

The circumstances of Roche’s death during the Houplines operations are also described in The War History of the 1st Battalion, Queen’s Westminster Rifles 1914-18, by J. Q. Henriques:

‘On 8 January, just as it was beginning to get light, Corporal R. de R. Roche was shot as he was crossing the open to get some water for his gun. He was not missed until daylight, when he was seen lying in the open in rear of the trench and in full view of the enemy, who was not more than a hundred and twenty yards away. It was practically certain death to attempt to reach him; but two very gallant men, Rifleman P. H. A. Tibbs, a stretcher-bearer, and Rifleman Pouchot (both of No. 2 Company), crawled out to him to see if anything could be done. As soon as they were seen, the enemy opened fire on them, but both men went on and succeeded in reaching Corporal Roche, who was found to be dead. Rifleman Tibbs was killed as he was kneeling over his body; but Rifleman Pouchot, who saw that both men were beyond help, managed to get back to our lines untouched. He was awarded the D.C.M. for his bravery on this occasion, and thus won the first decoration gained by the Battalion. Rifleman P. H. A. Tibbs was mentioned in despatches. Corporal Roche was a noted rifle and revolver shot, and a very keen member of the Regiment. At home he had always been ready to give to others the benefit of his experience; he had served in the South African War, and in France had already done some splendid work for which he was mentioned in despatches. In him the Battalion lost a good soldier and a true comrade.’

Temporary Grave Marker held at the IWM, London
Temporary Grave Marker held at the IWM, London

A less comfortable but probably more accurate account of Roche’s final moments appears in The Daily Graphic, a witness describing how he was actually found ‘gasping for breath, with a terrible wound in his face’, and how Tibbs was shot down as he tried to bandage him with a field dressing; similarly, further mention of the incident is to be found in the diary of Sergeant B. J. Brookes, also of the Queen’s Westminster Rifles, who stated that their bodies lay out in the water – for the area was flooded – for a long time, ‘the stretcher bearer lying with his arm round the neck of the other man’, since the Germans kept a close eye on them in the hope of catching further victims.

Pictured is the name plate from a temporary grave marker of Roche. The cross belonged to his daughter Miss Barbara Roche who died in 1981; Miss Roche’s only memory of her father was waving goodbye to him as he left by train when she was only five years old.

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Thomas Stapleton

On the 11th of January 1890, Thomas Stapleton boarded a ship and set off to make a new life for himself as a farmer in North Queensland. Three years after leaving Westminster in 1885, Stapleton had enrolled at the Hollesley Bay Colonial College. This was a college that provided young men who were intending to emigrate with practical training to prepare them for their new lives.

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Stapleton spent only 5 years in Australia. A series of bad seasons, the spread of cattle ticks and rabbits were making the agricultural conditions difficult. He returned to England, only to emigrate again in 1896, this time to South Africa.

In the Boer War, he served with the Border Mounted Rifles as a Trooper, and as a Sergeant in the Natal rebellion. So by the outbreak of war in 1914, Stapleton was already an experienced soldier. He enlisted as a rifleman in the 1st battalion of the Rifle Brigade on the 13th October and was sent to the Western Front in November.

On the 19th of December 1914, the 1st Rifle Brigade was involved in an attempt to take the ‘Birdcage’ — a fortified German strongpoint east of Ploegsteert Wood. The attack failed — partly because British heavy artillery were firing short of target — and there were heavy casualties. Thomas Stapleton was among them.

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The British Cemetery at Ploegsteert Wood
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Reginald Benjamin Featherstone

19141218_Featherstone,RBReginald Benjamin Featherstone was born in 1881, and spent just over two years at Westminster from the age of 14. He played a lot of sport, both for the school and for Ashburnham house, and seemed to have a very active time while he was here. He was described as “rather too small” to be a great football player when he first joined, and perhaps it is telling that the house didn’t win a single match that year (and had a rather memorable 8-0 defeat to College). However he went on to play cricket with some success that summer, then returning to school the next September, seemed to have improved at football, playing twice for the 2nd XI, receiving house and school colours for the sport in the Lent term of 1898. He continued to improve, playing for the 1st XI the next autumn. Unfortunately this sporting success at Westminster couldn’t carry on, as Featherstone left the school, for reasons unknown to us, in December 1898.

We don’t know how he spent the intervening years, but almost exactly 3 years later, aged 20, he joined the Devonshire Regiment, starting a 13 year military career from ending with his death on December 18th 1914. He fought in the Second Boer war in 1902 and was promoted to rank of Lieutenant in 1904. At the outbreak of WWI, he was stationed in Cairo, so his battalion didn’t return to England until October 1st, shortly after which he was promoted to the rank of Captain. There he was placed under orders of the 8th Division, created entirely from returning regular army battalions, and used to reinforce the depleted BEF after the first battle of Ypres.

Featherstone has no known grave and is commemorated on the Le Touret memorial in Northern France.

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Itaque Quietus Est

20141008_SargeauntJohn Sargeaunt taught Classics and English Literature at Westminster from 1890 until 1918. Aged 57 at the outbreak of war he was too old to serve in the forces. Instead he remained at Westminster to educate new generations of boys all the while hearing news from the fronts of the deaths of his former pupils. He wrote this poem during the Play Term of 1914.

Ere Antic Law would count him man,
He filled his life’s appointed span,
And warring ‘gainst an empire’s lust
Hath laid the flaxen head in dust
Where our old foemen’s friendly soil
With quiet crowns the brief-borne toil.

Ah happy lad, no doom for thee
Of palsied hand and quivering knee,
Of ashes choking lively fire,
Or garlands trampled in the mire
Nor that worst loneliness when all
Thy peers in age have heard the call.

Nor shalt thou heed if idle Fame
Forget to blaze abroad the name,
Or but bare letters on a stone
Some dim and cold remembrance own;
Enough that from this hallow’d ark
‘Twas duty sped thee to the dark.

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Duncan Stuart Ross Macpherson

Duncan Stuart Ross Macpherson was the only son of Surgeon General William Grant Macpherson and his American wife, Elizabeth Anne Clunas. He attended Westminster for just a year before leaving for Fettes College in Edinburgh where his father had been educated. Father and son were clearly close. After training at Sandhurst, Duncan became a member of the Indian Army. His father, William, requested and received an appointment as Assistant Director of Medical Services to the 4th Quetta Division whilst Duncan was based at the Quetta Imperial Garrison.

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Major General Sir William Grant Macpherson

On the outbreak of war Duncan was attached to the Black Watch and served with them until November 1914. At that point he was transferred to the2/8th Gurkha Rifles. By this time his father was also serving in France, as Brigadier-General in the Army Medical Service Staff.

Duncan was killed in action on 23rd November at the defence of Festubert, near La Bassee, France. He had spoken to his father only a few hours prior to his death. William refused to discuss the death of his son. He continued to serve during the war until his forced retirement in June 1918.

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Herbert Philip Frith

Whilst there was an obituary published for Frith in The Elizabethan in 1914 it did not feature in the ‘Pro Patria’ section with the other war deaths. He died of wounds received in action in Lokoja in Nigeria. Although Frith features on the School’s War Memorial he is not included in the Commonwealth War Graves Commission list.

Frith was at school for a short time between 1905 and 1907 in Ashburnham House. The Elizabethan records his performance in a cricket match – bowled out for a duck – although he seemed to have shown some promise on the football pitch. After leaving Westminster he joined the Civil Service and was posted to Nigeria where he served as an Assistant District Officer.

On the outbreak of war he was attached to the West African Frontier Force. Although there were a number of allied campaigns fought against German colonies in Africa during the First World War the date and location of Frith’s death suggests that he was not fighting against German forces when he lost his life. Lokoja, where he was stationed, was a centre of British administration in Africa and the base for the West African Frontier Force. It is likely that Frith died trying to suppress a local uprising.

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Denis Duncan Philby

Whilst at school Denis Duncan Philby lived in the shadow of his older brother Harry St. John Bridger Philby. Harry Philby was Captain of the School and elected to Trinity College Cambridge with the junior Samwaies scholarship. A talented cricketer, Harry went on to become a well-known Arabist and father to Kim Philby, the infamous 3rd man.

The 2nd Battalion of the Royal Munster Fusiliers at Aldershot in 1914
The 2nd Battalion of the Royal Munster Fusiliers at Aldershot in 1914

Comparatively we know little of Denis Duncan Philby’s short life. He joined Ashburnham House in 1903 but later moved to Grant’s, presumably so that he could board. He took part in a House debate stating vociferously that he disapproved of Oliver Cromwell’s policies, particularly those towards Ireland. The football report notes that he ‘was very good at pushing his way up the touchline and at times surprised us by scoring goals’.

He joined the army well before the outbreak of war, joining the Royal Dublin Fusiliers in 1910 (presumably there was some family connection with Ireland). He was attached to the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Munster Fusiliers on August 18th 1914 and went out to the Western Front a few days later.

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On the 27th August the 2nd Battalion was chosen to form the rear-guard to cover the retreat of the 1st Division during the Battle of Mons. The 2nd Battalion suffered large casualties losing 9 officers and 87 other ranks whilst many more were taken prisoner. They stemmed the German forces who were five or six times their strength for over a day, allowing their division to escape. When the scattered battalion reassembled on 29 August it was down to a mere 5 officers and 196 others. New recruits were co-opted over the next two months to bring the battalion back up to size.

The next action took place at Klien Zillebeke, near Ypres on November 12th, defending against the last major German offensive in the First Battle of Ypres. It was here that Philby was killed in action. He is buried in the New Irish Farm Cemetery in West-Vlaanderen, Belgium

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